- Moscow Mathematical Society - Kolmogorov Library Project
The Legacy of A. N. Kolmogorov - April 25, 1903 - October 20, 1987. A. N. Kolmogorov was President of the Moscow Mathematical Society from 1964 to 1966 and from 1973 to 1985. This page lists addresses by Kolmogorov at meetings of the Moscow Mathematical
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- Move Over Fermat, Now It's Time for Beal's Problem - Keith Devlin (Devlin's Angle)
Beal's Problem is like Fermat's, but instead of focusing on equations with one exponent, n, there are three: m, n, and r. Thus, Beal's equation looks like this:
x^m + y^n = z^r. The idea is to look for whole number solutions to this equation where the
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- MQS Search - Mathematical Quotations Server, Furman University
Search the Mathematical Quotations Server by keyword.
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- MSMS World of Logic - Claudia Carter; Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science (MSMS)
MSMS Logic and Game Theory is a study of logic, symbolic notation, truth tables, simple game theory, and problem-solving strategies. Links to significant figures in the world of logic: Lewis Carroll, George Boole, Giuseppe Peano, Von Neuman, Willard Van
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- Multimedia Catalogue - Biography Index - Institute and Museum of the History of Science of Florence, Italy
Biographical texts of personalities connected in some way to Galileo. Each text is accompanied by still or animated images or by filmed sequences. Included are Archimedes, Aristotle, Bernoulli, Brahe, Copernicus, the Galilei family, Kepler, Milton, Ptolemy,
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- Museum of History of Science, Florence, Italy
A bilingual (Italian and English) site providing research capabilities within the Italian Bibliography of Science History and the Library of the History Of Science Museum. Includes an online exhibition on Mechanical Marvels - Invention in the Age of Leonardo,
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- The Museum of HP Calculators - David G. Hicks
The Museum of HP Calculators displays and describes Hewlett-Packard calculators
introduced from 1968 to 1986 plus a few interesting later models. There are also sections on calculating machines and slide rules as well as sections for buying and selling
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- Museum of the History of Science - Oxford University, U.K.
The Museum houses a collection of historic scientific instruments in the Old Ashmolean on Broad Street, Oxford, covering almost all aspects of the history of science, from antiquity to the early twentieth century. Particular strengths include the collections
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- The Music of the Primes - Marcus du Sautoy
An article on the Riemann Hypothesis, "the greatest unsolved problem of mathematics."
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- My Reckonings - Ron Doerfler
Doerfler's book Dead Reckonings: Calculating without Instruments "describes techniques of computation and approximation that can be used to rapidly and mentally calculate mathematical quantities." Other sections of the site discuss sundials; astrolabes
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- Names for Numbers - Ivars Peterson (MathTrek)
Once someone discovers an interesting pattern or type of behavior, those particular numbers are likely to earn a collective name. So we have perfect numbers, amicable numbers, lucky numbers, Mersenne numbers, Fermat numbers, Fibonacci numbers, Keith numbers,
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- National Curve Bank - Gray, Venit; California State University, Los Angeles
Animation and interaction, and geometric, algebraic, and historical aspects of curves. Topics include Calculus, Pre-Calculus, History of Math, Limits, and Fractals. Submissions are encouraged.
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- Native American Geometry - Chris Hardaker
A physical, proportional geometry that originates from the simple circle. A growing body of architectural and iconographic evidence suggests this geometry was a relatively common tradition and has been practiced for at least 2000 years. The site is divided
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- The Nature of Physical Science - Richard Brill
A Honolulu Community College course, based around the Web and a series of television programs, that focuses on the history of science and its effects on our culture. Study guides are detailed outlines of various topics, including the foundations of arithmetic,
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- NCTM San Diego Sessions on Humanistic Math - Mathematics Education at the Math Forum
A selection of presentations from the 74th Annual NCTM Meeting, April 1996, San Diego, CA.
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- Neutral and Non-Euclidean Geometries - David C. Royster; University of North Carolina at Charlotte
Course notes that include: Origins of geometry; spherical geometry; logic and the axiomatic method; proof; Euclid's mathematical system; incidence geometry; betweenness axioms; congruence theorems; axioms of continuity; neutral geometry; theorems of continuity;
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- Newton Papers - University of Cambridge
View and download Isaac Netwon's handwritten papers: his own annotated copy of Principia Mathematica; the so-called "Waste Book," a large notebook that he inherited from his stepfather, and which Newton filled with notes and calculations when forced to
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- Newton's Castle - Steve Feld
Learn about color, optical illusions, how cars appear to roll uphill on "magnetic mountains," why dogs chase cars, and more; then test your learning with the online quiz. Also, see quotations and a timeline of Newton's life. With a bibliography and webliography.
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- Newton, Sir Isaac (Funk & Wagnalls Multimedia Encyclopedia) - Lycos Zone: Mathematics
A short biography of Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727), focusing on The Fluxional Method, Optics, and The Principia.
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- Next in Line - Ivars Peterson (MathLand)
Number sequences present all sorts of intriguing puzzles and patterns. Consider the sequence of counting numbers: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 .... Now, take out every second number, leaving: 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 ...; form the cumulative totals
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- A Nobel Formula - Keith Devlin (Devlin's Angle)
The discovery of a single mathematical formula in 1970 led to this year's Nobel Prize for economics, shared between Stanford University professor of finance (emeritus) Myron Scholes and economist Robert C. Merton of Harvard University. The prize would
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- Nobel Prize Internet Archive - Almaz Enterprises
An interactive archive devoted to Nobel Prizes and prizewinners. Browse by prize type or search by keyword. Additional information about the lack of a prize in mathematics, women laureates, and the Ig Nobel Prizes.
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- Non-Euclidean Geometry - MacTutor Math History Archives
Covers Euclid's Elements through the end of the 1800's, with 23 references (books/articles).
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- Nonstandard Analysis and the Hyperreals - Jordi Gutierrez Hermoso; Math Forum, Ask Dr. Math FAQ
An essay introducing the most basic ideas of nonstandard analysis and the hyperreal number system. Contents: A Very Brief History of Almost-Nothing and More-than-Everything; The Hyperreal Wish-List; Construction of the hyperreal numbers; Hyperreal arithmetic;
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- NOVA Online: Hunting the Hidden Dimension - Public Broadcasting System (PBS)
The PBS television series NOVA has produced a program about fractals, their impact on the world of mathematics, and the way they're shaping our understanding of nature. In addition to the program itself (in five chapters), the website offers a program
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- NOVA Online: The Proof - WGBH, Public Broadcasting System (PBS)
For over 350 years, some of the greatest minds of science struggled to prove what was known as Fermat's Last Theorem - the idea that a certain simple equation had no solutions. This site includes an interview with Andrew Wiles (the man who spent seven
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- NOVA Teachers: Featured Teacher - PBS
Teachers' featured stories of a lesson plan using one of the NOVA films. Lesson titles include: Students Inclined to Study Galileo, Exploring Research Bias, Placing Value on Maya Math, Teaching with Trebuchets, Bridges Form Foundation for Geometry Unit,
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- NSDL Middle School Portal: Math Pathway - NSDL; the Ohio State University
A middle school portal into NSDL's math resources, browsable by topic, or choose a pre-selected set of resources on given subjects.
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- Number Theory: Historical things - Keith Matthews, Dept. of Math, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
Biographies of past number theorists and various items of historical interest, including prizes, photos, and mathematical family trees.
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- Number Theory (MathPages) - Kevin Brown
More than 100 "informal notes" by Kevin Brown on number theory: linear recurring sequences, Zeisel numbers, Wilsonian primes, arithmetic progression, sublime numbers, square triangular numbers, and many more.
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- The Number Years - Libicki, Quinn
A concept originally created by Eric Libicki as a classroom activity to bring a sense of fun to learning the history of mathematics, now in the game show format presented here. Several online versions are available, and users will be able to craft their
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- Numericana.com - Gérard P. Michon
The online companion of Numericana, this site contains excerpts from Michon's book, including the entire glossary of scientific terms. Browse an index with pithy summaries, browse by popularity, or search nearly two hundred of his "final answers" of readers'
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- Oceania - Mathematics and the Liberal Arts - Todd Hammond
Notes on published articles: a resource for student research projects and for teachers interested in using the history of mathematics in their courses. Many pages focus on ethnomathematics and on the connections between mathematics and other disciplines.
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- Old and New Arithmetic - Ivars Peterson (MathLand)
"Three merchants have invested their money in a partnership..." This problem appears in a mathematics textbook known as the Treviso Arithmetic. The original book, written in a Venetian dialect, had no formal title, and its author is unknown. Treviso is
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- Oldies & Goodies: The School Museum List and Site - From Now On
Virtual Museum Resources, sponsored by From Now On - The Educational Technology Journal. Museum Resources: articles and other resources meant to guide those who are building virtual museums with their students; The Grand List of School Virtual Museums:
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- Online Exhibits Hotlist - The Franklin Institute
A list of links to more than 100 online learning experiences for math and science, both interactive projects and exhibits.
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- Online Math Applications - Leung, Jiang, Jiang, Chiu, Klopfer, Chiu; ThinkQuest Junior
Activities, examples, problems, and online quizzes about math applied to real world situations in investing (a stock market simulation game), music (classical MIDI files), history (biographies and anecdotes), science (astronomy, computers, 'math in the
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- Online Math Education - Yordan Petrov Petrov
Math tutorials and quizzes, with some math history information as well. Includes a discussion forum. Available in English or Bulgarian.
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- On Roman Numerals
Learn the basics of Roman numerals and how to write them, from I (1) to M (1,000) and above. Also, submit an Arabic numeral and click to convert it into its Roman numeral equivalent; or vice versa.
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- On the Teeth of Wheels (Computing Science) - Brian Hayes, American Scientist
A little history on the importance of gears in the history of computing and the importance of computing in the history of gears. "Designers of gear trains have not merely borrowed ideas from mathematics but have also developed some of those ideas on their
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- Orbits and Gravitation - MacTutor Math History Archives
A hypertext essay covering Copernicus through Poincaré, Levi-Civita, and Birkhoff, with References.
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- Original Lesson Plans - Mathematics - Thirteen/WNET New York
Original Web-based activities developed by Thirteen Ed Online Master Teachers. Each lesson consists of an overview with learning objectives, procedures for teachers, and "organizers" for students -- hand-outs, bibliographies, and other materials. Math
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- The Oughtred Society - Oughtred
An organization dedicated to the history and collection of slide rules. Meet William Oughtred, inventor of the modern slide rule; learn about the history and background of the Oughtred Society and its principles; join or renew membership; browse tables
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- Overcoming Greatness: The Decline and Recovery of British Mathematics in the Post-Newton Era - Robert Bruen; Harvard University
An historical essay on Newton and Leibniz, British Progress, European Progress, and the story of the overthrow of Newton's notation at Cambridge. Includes a bibliography.
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- An overview of Babylonian mathematics - MacTutor Math History Archives
Linked essay exploring the arithmetic and geometry of the Babylonians, who lived in Mesopotamia, a fertile plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Babylonian civilization replaced the Sumerian civilisation and the Akkadian civilisation; this
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- An overview of Egyptian mathematics - MacTutor Math History Archives
Linked essay on the development of the Egyptian number systems, and the arithmetical methods they devised to work with their numerals. With references and other related web sites.
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- An overview of Indian mathematics - MacTutor Math History Archives
Linked essay on the contributions of Indian mathematics, in particular the number system invented by the Indians, on which much of mathematical development has rested. With references and other related web sites.
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- Overview of the History of Mathematics - MacTutor Math History Archives
Linked overview from the Babylonians through topics from the twentieth century, with additional sections on notation and communication, brilliant discoveries, how we view history, and a challenge, as well as a 700-item general bibliography.
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- Panagiotis Stefanides
Geometry presented at national conferences in Greece. Contents include: Quantization of Circle Duality; Logos Pyr Chronos; 'Buena Fortuna' (artwork); Geometric Mean Ratio (T) by Ruler and Compass; Quadrature Master Theorem; Corollary (Circle Circumference
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- Papers on the History of Mathematics - Gregory Cherlin, Rutgers University
A random selection of term papers submitted in undergraduate, one-semester courses on the history of mathematics. Topics include zero, Fermat, Euler, Newton, Euclid's proof of the Pythagorean Theorem, Fibonacci, Vieta, conic sections, mathematics at Princeton
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