Project a – The decimal digits of by continued fractions

We find the decimal digits of = 1.61803398... by iterating the function

(1)

First, we insert for x and obtain the 2-layer fraction of the 1st iteration.

(2)

Then, inserting for x in the 1st iteration, we get the 3-layer fraction of the 2nd iteration.

(3)

Similarly, the 4-layer fraction of the 3rd iteration is

(4)

Hence, by repeated iterations we build up the multi-layer fraction as shown

(5)

This is called a continued fraction.

We now evaluate the decimal digits of from the continued fractions. Dropping the term 1/x from funciton (1) we get , which appears in the second column of the table below. Now, by dropping 1/x from fraction (2) we obtain and similarly and . These function values are also listed in table A. You may evaluate the remaining function values in the table. At the 9th iteration we have = 1.61818181... from fraction (5), agreeing with the golden ratio = 1.61803398... up to the three decimal places. Then, by carrying out continued fraction beyond (5), we can evaluate as many decial digits of as required.

Table A: Finding golden ratio by continued fractions.

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Project b – Show the length A-F is

Show this by applying the Pythagoras theorem to the right triangle C-D-E in figure 1. (Note that C-E = )

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Project c – Make a logarithmic spiral pinwheel

Cut out the dotted circle with a spiral pattern and mount it on the eraser end of a pencil with a thumbtack.

printable spiral

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Project d – The ratio of two adjacent Fibonacci numbers

We arrange the Fibonacci numbers in a sequence {F1, F2, F3, ...}, so that F1=1, F2=1, F3=2, …, as they are listed in the second column of the table.  We compute ratio Fn / Fn-1 of the two neighboring Fibonacci numbers in the third column of the table.  Can you fill in the blank entries?  Compare Fn / Fn-1 with the function values of continued fraction (the second column in the table of (Project a).

 

Table:  The ratio of two neighboring Fibonacci numbers

n

Fn

Fn / Fn-1

2

1

F2 / F1 = 1/1

3

2

F3 / F2 = 2/1

4

3

F4 / F3 = 3/2

5

5

F5 / F4 =     

6

8

F6 / F5 =     

7

13

F7 / F6 =     

8

21

F8 / F7 =     

9

34

F9 / F8 =     

10

55

F10 / F9 =     

11

89

F11 / F10 =     

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